Posts Tagged: "Brazil"

Brazil’s accession to the Madrid Protocol has included several important changes to the country’s trademark system, such as simplifying the registration of trademarks, reducing costs, and implementing procedures that were not previously possible through the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (BPTO). Among these changes is the long-awaited possibility of co-ownership of trademarks.

Branding goes beyond thinking about a catchy name and color scheme to compose the trademark that will represent the company’s products or services. Today, more than ever, it is imperative to consider the values that the brand communicates because consumers and even commercial partners seek to associate with companies with shared values. Poor branding decisions can be costly in terms of reputation, reduced profits and forfeited commercial partnerships.

Much has been written about the uncertainty in U.S. patent law concerning laws of nature, natural phenomena, and abstract ideas following the Supreme Court’s decisions in Mayo v. Prometheus and Alice Corp Pty Ltd v. CLS Bank Int’l. A recent decision from the Enlarged Board of Appeal at the European Patent Office (the Enlarged Board), however, demonstrates that the United States is not alone in grappling with issues surrounding patent eligibility. In the case of genetically modified plants and animals, questions arise on where to draw the line between human invention and biological processes. Earlier this year, the Enlarged Board reversed a 2015 decision that had held that product-by-process patents could be sought for genetically modified plants and animals despite a patent exclusion for “essentially biological processes.” 

Since 2014, when a decision of the Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office came into force that held trademarks could obtain “high renown” status through a specially-created procedure, there has been a marked increase in such requests in Brazil. However, this increase has also demonstrated that several marks which common sense would say that are well known and recognized by the public have been rejected due to technicalities. This article will tackle the main issues that may arise during the finding of a famous or high renown trademark in Brazil, and how to avoid them.

Like most countries, Brazil has been facing severe restrictions in an attempt to slow down the spread of COVID-19.  Non-essential services are currently closed in almost all metropolitan areas and authorities are discussing plans to resume activities while the number of fatalities reaches its peak. In Brazil, the courts have approximately 450,000 employees, including more than 18,000 judges. If we also consider 1.2 million attorneys, it is reasonable to say that the justice system in Brazil involves at least 1.65 million people. The Brazilian Patent and Trademark Office (BPTO) operates on a smaller scale, with no more than 1,000 public officials on duty. The IP community is on average quite smaller in comparison to other areas, such as banking and M&A, but still extremely active. The BPTO hears over 250,000 proceedings per year, including patent, trademark, design applications and contracts.

During a 2019 Tax Executives Institute conference in Washington, D.C., the Commissioner of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Charles Rettig, proclaimed, “[I am] not a commissioner who believes that the IRS loses because a judge rules against us in a transfer pricing case, . . . [I am] a commissioner who thinks the IRS loses if it doesn’t keep bringing [transfer pricing] cases.” (see Lydia O’Neal, Rettig Doubles Down on Transfer Pricing Cases, Bloomberg Tax: Daily Tax Report (Apr. 1, 2019). This declaration speaks volumes to Rettig’s intention of closing down in transfer pricing cases. Specifically, the IRS under Rettig, has targeted improper transfer pricing of intellectual property (IP) royalties remitted from foreign subsidiaries to U.S.-based parent companies (for instance, Coca Cola Co. v. Comm’r, 149 T.C. 446, 446 (U.S. T.C. 2017; Medtronic, Inc. v. Comm’r, 900 F.3d 610, 610, 8th Cir. 2018). This focus is particularly alarming for international companies with subsidiaries in Brazil because Brazil’s IP royalty remittance laws directly conflict with the United State’s transfer pricing policies.

The authorization of consumption of Cannabis derivative products in several countries has led to the rapid development of a robust industry around such products. However, Brazilian legislation is still conservative concerning the sale, production, and use of cannabis derivative products, all of which are currently prevented by Brazilian law and defined as both civil and criminal offenses. But despite Brazil’s restrictive position concerning the permission of production and selling of cannabis-related products, the country is now taking baby steps towards the legalization of some aspects of the use and sale of cannabis products, putting the country at the center of discussions around this topic.

The Brazilian PTO has officially introduced its longed-for strategy to solve the enduring patent backlog problem in Brazil.  The plan is to reduce the patent backlog by at least 80% in the course of the next two years with the use of “standardized office actions” – that is, machine-made technical opinions that will simply point out prior art documents to be addressed by the applicant.  Once the backlog is finally dealt with — likely by 2021— the PTO estimates it will to be able to examine future patent applications within twenty-four (24) months. If the goals of the program are achieved, the Brazilian PTO will be finally able to stand on equal footing with its foreign counterparts in the developed world with regard to the average patent examination time.

“It was a warm and pleasant day on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro. The waves lapped at the shore and far off a sea-bird raised its plaintive cries to the sky. She looked up from her book, thinking, ‘Wait, where have I read that that before? … ‘ “ Rather than an irksome daydream on the beach, an author’s nightmare is of having her works — or parts of them—lifted from her control and passed off as those of someone else. That is exactly the allegation that bestselling novelist Nora Roberts brings in her suit, filed in late April in a Brazilian Court, against Cristiane Serruya, a lawyer-turned-author. Nora Roberts is one of the most popular living American authors. She primarily writes romance novels, as well as police procedural (crime) fiction. Her works are solid sellers, and she has received a huge number of industry awards, as well as having more than a dozen of her works adapted into film and television productions. Hers is the type of market success that every genre author dreams of. Sadly, with widespread popularity comes risk of infringement—in this case, not of copyright infringement, but a very particular violation of authorial rights. 

BRICS is an acronym for an association of five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Over the last 25 years, the BRICS economies have been at the forefront of a paradigm shift in the sands of the global economy towards developing economies. This is exemplified by their share in the global economy… Developing a patent filing strategy that includes BRICS economies could be challenging due to the presence of varying national legislation, each mandating its own set of procedures. A precise idea of the costs that could be incurred will go a long way in facilitating strategic decision-making and budget forecasting.

The Brazilian Government is considering the adoption of an emergency measure to eliminate the Patent Office chronic backlog problem by automatically granting, without examination, 230,000 pending applications until 2020. The emergency measure has been labelled by the Government as an “extraordinary solution” and a draft of the plan was introduced for public discussion. Companies may soon need to deploy a strategy within a time-frame as short as 90 days to take full advantage of the new system while minimizing potential risks… For the past 15 years, Brazil has been enduring one of the world’s most severe patent backlogs. The problem has grown considerably after the enactment of the 1996 Patent Statute, which was adopted to make the country TRIPS compliant.

In major American sports, players, spectators and referees alike are all interested in making sure that fouls are called properly and that athletes are always abiding by the rules. In recent years, various technologies have been applied to the sports world in order to accomplish these goals. In the National Football League, for example, video replay can be used to challenge a questionable call on the field. Many of these systems currently utilize touchscreen monitors providing high-definition pictures and state-of-the-art communications systems to help officials make the best judgment possible. In a similar way, many of the athletic events at this year’s Olympics will be sporting new technologies designed to keep the games fair for all competitors. In the days leading up to the opening ceremonies for this year’s Olympics, we wanted to profile some of the innovations that will be seen in Rio de Janeiro which will help players, spectators and refereeing officials alike as we head into the games.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has published its annual World Intellectual Property Indicators. The 2015 report dissects the macro trends associated with filing activity and registrations for 2014 in the following intellectual property areas: patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and plant varieties… The twenty-year era of growth in industrial design patent applications came to an abrupt end in 2014… The decline in global applications stems primarily from the pronounced decrease in resident filings at the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (SIPO), which fell 14.9% over the past year.

A rising tide lifts all boats. While an age-old saying, the concept is relatively simple really. Of course, the path to broad based economic opportunity for all has been elusive for many countries. If underdeveloped and developing countries are going to transform economically, they need to encourage and support innovation. That means many countries like those facing the so called middle income trap like China, South Africa and Brazil, may want to think about IP protection and enforcement and what it could mean for economic development, in terms of encouraging foreign investment, and with respect to raising the quality of life.

In 2013, 647,300 industrial design registrations were filed – a 6.4% drop from 2012. The decline in global registrations stems primarily from the slow-down of Chinese manufacturing, which produced 12% fewer registrations than the previous year. After seven years of consecutive growth, 2013’s global registrations of 919,100 designs represents a 3.3% decrease from 2012. In 2013, upwards of three million industrial design registrations were in force.